Which mosquito is the one to worry about?
The Alabama Department of Public Health names the Culex pipiens group as the species most commonly associated with carrying West Nile virus to people and horses.
Culex mosquitoes are often associated with stagnant and polluted water, and they can breed in containers and drains that many people would not think of as breeding sites. A technician looks at those places as well as the obvious ones, because removing the water is the most useful step for any species.
The state health department advises that there is no human vaccine and no specific treatment for these diseases. Prevention is therefore the whole plan, and it is the same plan whether the mosquito is one species or another.
What should I drain first?
Start with the water you can see: containers, tires, birdbaths, gutters, rain barrels and plant saucers. Empty them, and cover the rain barrels so they cannot refill.
The state's advice is to dump and drain standing water from containers, tires and birdbaths, and to cover rain barrels. Repeat this after heavy rain, since a small puddle in a tire can be enough for mosquitoes to breed.
Look for the water that is easy to miss, such as a clogged gutter, a low spot by the shed or a stock tank that is not used. The technician helps locate those spots during the walk-around.
Do repellents help?
Yes, when they are used as directed. The state advice is to use an EPA-registered repellent, to wear long sleeves and trousers and to take extra care at dawn and dusk.
Repellents are a personal measure, not a yard treatment, so they work alongside the water removal rather than replacing it. Read the label, follow the directions for use on skin and clothing, and do not apply repellent under a clothing layer that will trap it against the skin.
Window and door screens do the same job indoors. A screen with a tear lets in the insects that a repellent is meant to keep away, so the technician checks them on the first visit.
What moves the price up or down?
The size of the property, the amount of standing water and shaded cover, the number of outbuildings and ponds included, and the number of follow-up visits are the main factors. The technician explains the price, and it is approved before any work starts.
A small yard with a few containers is a shorter visit than a rural property with ponds, ditches, barns and stock tanks. Including outbuildings and water sources adds time, and the homeowner decides which of them are part of the plan.
The price is explained on site and nothing starts until the homeowner has approved it. Follow-up visits are set out at the start so the cost of the whole plan is clear.
Does a state trap or public spraying cover my yard?
No. The state trapping is for monitoring, and a homeowner should not assume a public program will reach their property.
The Alabama Department of Public Health runs trapping surveillance under a CDC grant, and it collects species data in urban and rural sites. Those traps help track the mosquitoes, and they do not control them on any one property.
Control on a home property means removing breeding water, repairing screens and, where appropriate, a treatment that the technician explains. That is the work this service does.